Stages of Social Transformation Essay Example for Free

Stages of Social Transformation Essay Communications drives everything and influences everyone. Society, organizations and individual transformation (change) happens as the result of communications. Nothing changes unless the who, what, why, when, where and how is communicated. Wall Street moves based on the communication of information. Organizations move based on what is communicated internally and externally. Religion moves people based on the communications and agreement of religious doctrines. People are influenced by communications and the subsequent actions create transformation of relationships, markets and the entire economy. Stages of Social Transformation Social media influences group dynamics because of the reach and influence of communications. We are all connected to â€Å"the human network group† which has become self aggregated into sub groups of interest and affinity. These â€Å"groups† are learning, sharing, collaborating and aiming at ways to make progress. Each individual and organization goes through â€Å"stages† that are all necessary and inevitable in order for them to grow into all things social, to face up to challenges, to tackle problems, to find solutions, to plan work and life, and to achieve individual and collective objectives. The stages are: 1. Forming: In the first stages of â€Å"social groups†, the forming of the group takes place. The individual’s or organizational behavior is driven by the need to participate in the markets of conversations. When people begin to discover â€Å"social media† the first stage reflects learning, excitement as well as confusion. Trying to decide or discover who, what, where, when, how and why can seem overwhelming. Whether individually or organizationally the task at hand is learning about the different uses of social media and the implications. The forming stage of any group is important because, in this stage,the groups learning curve is influence by those they choose to associate with or follow for the purposes of learning. Those that jump in without learning stumble and fall. 2. Storming: Every group will next enter the storming stage in which different ideas compete for consideration. The group addresses issues such as how social media can create or find solutions to relevant problems. Arguments on what ideas are the best and references to who to follow for the best information or knowledge ensue. In some cases storming can be resolved quickly. In others, the group never leaves this stage. The maturity and knowledge inventory of group members usually determines whether the group will ever move out of this stage. Group leadership and intervention of new knowledge is needed to move a group to the next stage. The storming stage is necessary to the growth of a group. It can be contentious, unpleasant and even painful to members of the group who are averse to conflict. This phase can become destructive to the group and will lower motivation if allowed to get out of control. Some groups will never develop past this stage. 3.  Norming: The groups knowledge grows and they come to a mutual plan for use of social media and how to accomplish the plan. In this stage, all group members knowledge domain grows and the group begins to comprehend ways it which social media can be used to accomplish specific objectives. The group obtains a â€Å"common† perspective on the systemic nature of social media and the group members influence grows outside and inside organizations. 4. Performing: Some groups reach the performing stage. These groups are able to create meaningful and significant change using social technology as the means to create innovation.  Performing groups are motivated and leverage what they are learning to create new knowledge. The competency of these groups grows as the groups knowledge expands. These groups rely on the â€Å"wisdom of crowds† and their own creativity to advance their thinking. The group seeks innovative ideas aimed at solving existing problems and/or creating new markets from the collective intelligence gained from â€Å"wisdom and creativity†. They understand that social media are channels to learn, engage and share with markets, groups and crowds. 5.  Transformation: Even the most high-performing groups will revert to earlier stages in certain circumstances. Many long-standing groups go through these cycles many times as they react to changing developments. Those that reach the transformation stages are the groups who create meaningful and significant change that positively impacts the entire human network. These groups are philosophically connected and grounded in a common set of principles that guide everything they think and do. Reflect on the history of mankind and you’ll recognize â€Å"groups† that changed our world.

The Roles of Negotiation in Construction Essay -- Construction Industr

The Roles of Negotiation in Construction Negotiation is a form of the decision-making process where two or more parties jointly search a space of possible solutions with the goal of reaching a consensus. In the construction industry, collaboration is an essential key for the success of projects. Since different participants from different organizations try to work together in projects, competitive stresses exist in their relationships and as a result, disputes or conflicts may inevitably occur; negotiation is preferred by project participants for the settlement of claims. Negotiation plays an important role in resolving claims, preventing disputes, and keeping a harmonious relationship between project participants. However, claims negotiations are commonly inefficient due to the diversity of intellectual background, many variables involved, complex interactions, and inadequate negotiation knowledge of project participants. Most project managers consider negotiation as the most time- and energy-consuming activity in claims management. Negotiation theories and principles To address the complex technical and human issues in negotiation, several important negotiation theories and principles have been developed, which mainly include game theory, economic theory, behavior theory, and negotiation theory. Game theory seeks to get at the essentials of decision making and the associated strategies in situations where two or more parties are interdependent, and where, therefore, the outcome of their conflict and competition must be the product of their joint requirements and the interaction of their separate choices (Bacharach ... ...on Collaborative Negotiatons for Large-Scale Infrastructure Projects- (J. of Management in Engineering/ April 2001/ 121) Pe -Mora, F., and Wang, C-Y. (1998)-Computer-supported collaborative negotiation methodology ( J. Comp. in Civ. Engrg., ASCE,12(2)) Gulliver, P. H. (1979)- Disputes and negotiation: A cross-culture perspective, (Academic, San Diego) Bacharach, S. B., and Lawler, E. J. (1981). Bargaining: Power, tactics and outcomes (Jossey-Bass, San Francisco) Young, O. R., (1975) Bargaining: Formal theories of negotiation (University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Ill) Zartman, I. W., (1977) The negotiation process: Theories and applications (Sage,London) Z. Ren, C. J. Anumba, and O. O. Ugwu. (2003)-Multiagent System for Construction Claims Negotiation ( J. Comp. in Civ. Engrg., ASCE,7(2003))

Inmate Classification

Inmate classification, as soon as the person is convicted of a crime, he is sent to the level of a prison accordingly with respect to his crime. The nature of a crime determines the level of a prison, if a person committed a more violent crime; it is likely that he would be sent to a more secured level of a prison. There are four levels of prisons, minimum, medium, close and maximum. However, I would like to just discuss minimum and medium level. Minimum – Minimum security prison consists of dormitories that are not very secured, and are monitored by correctional officers regularly.As they used to hold people who committed a crime that wasn't as violent such as driving drunk or other crimes of such nature, there are no watch towers surrounding minimum security prisons, and they usually have a single fence perimeter. The movement of inmates isn't controlled, and they’re free to move within the prison without any problem. The inmates in minimum security prisoners are usua lly asked to do community based work such as road maintenance or working for a civilian employee etc.Medium – Medium security prisons are not as secured, but securer than minimum security prisons. They usually consist of dormitories that are capable of holding around forty-nine to fifty inmates. Unlike minimum security prisons, inmates are not allowed to move as freely, and are supervised almost all of the time. At night each dormitory is locked, and supervised by a correctional officer who monitors every movement. Medium security prisons are also covered by double fenced perimeters, and usually have watch towers, so that no one escapes.

Let Majorship English - 4572 Words

Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) ENGLISH – SECONDARY 1. Which of the following is NOT associated with Romanticism? a. Emphasis on the collective rather than on the individual b. Belief in the child’s superior insight c. Celebration of the nature d. Emphasis on the power of imagination 2. What feeling is expressed in this line â€Å"My heart leaps up when I behold a rainbow in the sky†? A. Surprise C. Fear B. Happiness D. Anger 3. What is Chekhov’s most recognizable achievement in his short stories? A. His cryptic use of symbolism B. His attention to the inner lives of his characters C. His references to biblical scriptures D. His use of allegory 4. In the Iliad, whose death brought†¦show more content†¦C. He spent 13 years wandering from one regional court to another. D. He gathered a following in his later years. 22. Which of the following is/are an example/s of folk narrative/s? A. Riddle C. Proverbs B. Legends D. Epic 23. Which of the following is NOT a secular art associated with Zen spiritual training? A. Archery C. Swordsmanship B. Calligraphy D. Bonsai 24. Which of the following is NOT a theme that is customarily associated with Dostoyevsky’s work? A. Conflicts between â€Å"good† and â€Å" evil†, â€Å"freedom† and â€Å"tyranny† B. Choices between religious faith and atheism C. The enormous contradictions of human nature D. The great potential for adultery 25. Which is a short narrative poem intended to be sung? A. Romance C. Lyric B. Ballad D. Epic 26. The type of novel which became popular in the 18th century is __________________. A. epistolary C. picaresque B. gothic D. religious 27. In Aenid, though Aenas suffers an unhappy life and miserable death, what is his greatest consolation? A. His protection by the gods B. The future glory of his sons C. His love affair with Dido D. His being compared with Achilles and Odysseus 28. Which of the following statements is LEAST likely to be associated with Japan? A. It is a spiritual nation. B. It is a homogenous nation. C. It is a nation that speaks with one voice. D.

British Literature Final Exam - 1301 Words

British Literature II - Final Exam British Literature is filled with diverse and talented writers who through each period has brought something new to the table. Over the course of the term we have covered the Romantic period, the Victorian Age and the Modern period. Each period has had a hand in developing literature through to the modern age and each writer has influenced the next generation. To best examine each period of literature the paper will be split amongst the three major periods the course has covered. Each period had it’s own style, stories and ways of telling each story as such the paper will explore the writers of each time and their effect on the later generations. Literature in general has grown from the impact the past generations have had on the current writers. Thus British literature in particular has developed over each period a great deal and has ultimately lead us into the modern twenty-first century literature that we read today. The Romantic period is a time where imagination and creat ivity in storytelling became key to the success of writers. Early authors of the time were radical in their writing and tended to be blunt when it came to social commentary of the industrial age and British rule as a whole. Later this would prove unwise and the idea of setting stories â€Å"long ago and far away† became popular. Romanticism was all about intense emotion and authenticity over realism. Beauty or romance was shown through writings about the past and nature.Show MoreRelatedBritish Literature : Final Exam1300 Words   |  6 PagesBritish Literature II - Final Exam British Literature is filled with diverse and talented writers who through each period has brought something new to the table. Over the course of the term we have covered the Romantic period, the Victorian Age and the Modern period. Each period has had a hand in developing literature through to the modern age and each writer has influenced the next generation. 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I went to observe his class three times. Two out of three of those visits I was able to be at the school all day long to really get the feel of the way it is like to be at the school all day and seeing the difference of his eight classes. Throughout my time thereRead MoreClass Scheduling System958 Words   |  4 PagesREVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE CLASS SCHEDULING SYSTEM SCHEDULE CLASSES, RESERVE RESOURCES, MANAGE EVENTS College and university campuses frequently struggle with the task of getting academic classes  and  the wide variety of non-academic meetings and events that they host into the appropriate rooms. Ensuring the availability of the necessary services and resources can also be difficult. 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As a foodie, I usually go there once a week due to its high price but delicious steak which I’m obsessed withRead MoreSituation of English Language Teaching3790 Words   |  16 PagesEnglish Language Teaching Situation in Pakistan Analysis) â€Å"†¦a single shelf of a good European library was worth the whole native literature of India and Arabia† (Attitude Motivation Macaulay 1935 Ms. Mehwish Haider 1 English Language Teaching Situation in Pakistan Table of Contents Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3 Definition of Second language †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦.4 Definition of foreign Language †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Different needs toRead MoreThe Fairness And Lack Of Fairness1634 Words   |  7 Pagesgood income from employment. 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Johnson (2013) states, both The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) and the National Research Council (NRC) â€Å"have identified aspects of math classroom instruction that must be changed to improve math education and

Iagos Manipulative Nature in Shakespeares Othello Essays

Iagos Manipulative Nature in Othello Iagos manipulative nature has a profound effect on the decisions made by other characters in Shakespeares ‘Othello’. Through his relations with those around him Shakespear characterizes him as a man full of malice, vengeance and dishonesty that is wholly inspired by jealousy. Furthermore it would appear that Iago has an exceptional ability to scheme, a talent which he uses to snake his way into the lives of others and exploit them through their weaknesses. Whether he does this for profit or for pleasure is a separate issue. Throughout the course of the play, Iago crosses the path of each major character we encounter. Though his effect varies according to characters, he is a presence in†¦show more content†¦Act I. iii. 393-395). In this way, Iago finds Rodrigos soft spot and uses it to his advantage, that being his interest in Desdemona in order to gain more useful information. Thus we can see the way in which Iago holds on to this information and twists its innocence for his gain. Othello is the character with whom most of Iagos methods have success. His weakness as a jealous lover is apparent early on, but only after Iago’s has planted the seeds of doubt within his mind. Such is Othello’s trust for Iago that he uses the misnomer of describing Iago as ‘honest Iago’ and irony considering the action held within the play. The trust is obvious and implicit and thoroughly entrenched within the language. Othello surmises on the aforementioned doubts during the last act of the play when he says; ...speak of me as I am... Then must you speak of one that loved not wisely, but too well... (Othello. Act IV. ii. 402-404). By taking advantage of this fact, he is able to kill two birds with one stone. Iago feeds on Othellos jealousy by setting Casio up to look like he is conducting an extra marital affair with Desdemona, refuting Othello’s initial denial. However, eventually, Iago has Othello so angered that he accepts Iagos offer to kill Cassio for him. And for Cassio, let me be his undertaker. You shall hear more by midnight. (Othello. Act IV. i. 230-231.) This manipulation in character from someone who we sympathy with, to someone whoShow MoreRelatedNature of Evil in Othello1704 Words   |  7 PagesThe Nature Of Evil In Othello The Nature of Evil in Othello William Shakespeare’s Othello uses different and unique techniques in his language to express the nature of evil throughout the play. Verbal twists and the characters most importantly stress the act of evil. Iago, most of all is portrayed as the â€Å"villain† or â€Å"protagonist in the play. Shakespeare uses this character to set the basis of evil. Each plot point is spiraled further into tragedy due to the nature of Iago and his manipulative languageRead More Comparison of an Evil mastermind in Shakespeare’s Othello and MacDonald’s Goodnight Desdemona (Good Morning Juliet)1433 Words   |  6 Pagesfirst introduced in Shakespeare’s Othello. His deceiving personality and complex nature is painted such that readers are amazed by his ingenious schemes. At the beginning of Shakespeare’s Othello, Iago is represented as trustworthy and honest, but readers soon realize that he is the opposite of what he seems. Even though Iago’s personali ty and thoughts are revealed less in MacDonald’s Goodnight Desdemona (Good Morning Juliet), he carries on the same immoral legacy as in Othello. Throughout the playsRead MoreOthello, by William Shakespeare Essay1090 Words   |  5 PagesIn Shakespeare’s Othello, Iago is portrayed as a cruel puppet master, using his high order critical analysis and manipulative skills to exact on those he believe wronged him; as he weaves a web of deceit to ensnare the play’s protagonist (and namesake of the play) Othello. Various movie adaptations have portrayed the characters in different ways, often resulting in a fusion of the context of the age, artistic license and Shakespeare’s character. One such fusion is Stuart Burge’s 1965 filmic portrayalRead MoreOthello, by William Shakespeare966 Words   |  4 PagesIago’s deceit and manipulation in Othello Iago is widely credited, in the words of Agatha Christie, as â€Å"the greatest villain of all time†. He is a manipulative character who â€Å"weaves a web of deceit† by exploiting even the tiniest faults in others. By maintaining a facade of comedy and boyishness he uses his honesty and twisted truth to play others â€Å"like a virtuoso† and â€Å"drive... them to madness†. In the play Othello, Act 2 Scene 1 is perhaps the most enlightening scene with regards to the trulyRead MoreMalignant Iago of Shakespeares Othello Essay1721 Words   |  7 Pagesplague that harms all those who come upon it.   In the tragic play â€Å"Othello† by William Shakespeare, Iago is a character that represents pure evil – a malignant cancer to all those around him.   His evil is exposed through his choice of words, his ability to manipulate people, and his opportunistic ways.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   First, Iago’s evil is shown through his choice of words that demonstrate his vulgarity and his sinister intentions.   Iago’s language is extremely base and forward; he does show any remorseRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello The Moor Of Venice1745 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Othello the Moor of Venice, is a tragedy of great manipulation and jealousy that exploits the evil in people and how one could take advantage of another based on their weaknesses and flaws; perfect people do not exist in a world filled of temptation, failure, and suffering as Shakespeare proves the consequences of being trustful and naà ¯ve. People of Venice must be aware of the people around them and who they trust because one should live with a reasonable mind in order to avoidRead MoreOthello (How Is He Lead to His Demise)1037 Words   |  5 Pagesnovel. Shakespeare’s writing is complex and includes great measures of love, hatred, loyalty, deception and betray al. These traits of his texts are all evident in Othello. In Act 1, Othello is perceived as a noble moor. With Shakespeare’s invention of the manipulating and cunning Iago, the multi-layered use of Othello’s mothers handkerchief, and Othello’s past military training being resurfaced due to Iago’s lies, all lead Othello to his demise. Deception and betrayal are two of Iago’s worst traitsRead MoreOthello Through Marxism and Formalism1481 Words   |  6 Pagesjealous of those who are on top. In many situations, it seems that no matter how hard we try, we can never get to that point of control that we so badly strive for. In Shakespeare’s tragically deceptive play, â€Å"Othello†, the symbolism and conflict throughout the play continually demonstrates Iago’s struggle to gain power. Through Iago’s miserable fail to obtain the power he so badly aspires, Shakespeare proves that the human race can never be happy with what they have, and that they are always tryingRead MoreEssay The Importance of Race in Othello895 Words   |  4 Pagespeople argue that race in William Shakespeare’s tragedy, â€Å"Othello,† is hardly an issue. However, to many people, race is everything in â€Å"Othello. The challenges that Othello, the lead character, faces are directly attributed to hi s â€Å"Moor† complexion and if he were of a different nationality, the outcome of his situation would have been drastically different. These claims are supported by the articles of â€Å"Othello’s Alienation† by Edward Berry and â€Å"Race Mattered: Othello in Late Eighteenth-Century England†Read MoreA Malevolent Villain Essay1086 Words   |  5 Pagesvillain in one of William Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies, Othello. In this play Iago sets out to destroy Othello for multiple reasons, most of which are unsubstantiated imaginings. Iago’s role as a malicious villain is evidenced by his misogynist, racist, and manipulative behaviors. The first evidence of Iago’s malicious villainy is his misogyny. Iago hates women and repeatedly debases sex. He is cruel to his wife and does not show her love. Henry L. Warnken discusses Iago’s hatred for women saying

Men On The Moon The Apollo Story Essay Example For Students

Men On The Moon The Apollo Story Essay For years, man has looked up at the stars and wondered, what power they possessed or from what great God were they born? The answer to this question has always been a dream to man, but the dream is getting closer to reality. Space travel in the 1960s was become a reality, but man went farther with his expectations. Man now wanted to land and walk on the the only one of Earths natural satellites know as the Moon. The splashdown May 26, 1969, of Apollo 10 cleared the way for the first formal attempt at a manned lunar landing.1 The 363-foot-tall Apollo 11 space vehicle was launched from Pad A, Launch Complex 39, Kennedy Space Center, at 9:37 a. m., July 16, 1969. It was the United States first lunar landing mission. The launch vehicle, AS-506, was the sixth in the Apollo Saturn V series and was the fourth manned Saturn V vehicle. After a 2?-hour check-out period, the spacecraft was injected into the translunar phase of the mission.2 ? July 1996 marks the twenty-seventh anniversary of the epochal lunar landing of Apollo 11 in the summer of 1969. Although President John F. Kennedy had made a public commitment on 25 May 1961 to land an American on the Moon by the end of the decade, up until this time Apollo had been all promise. Now the realization was about to begin. Even though Kennedys political objectives were essentially achieved with the decision to go to the Moon, Project Apollo took on a life of its own over the years and left an important legacy to both the nation and the proponents of space exploration. Its success was enormously significant, coming at a time when American society was in crisis.?3 A unique confluence of political necessity, personal commitment and activism, scientific and technological ability, economic prosperity, and public mood made possible the 1961 decision to carry out an aggressive lunar landing program. It then fell to NASA, other organizations of the federal government, and the aerospace community to accomplish the task set out in a few short paragraphs by the president. By the time that the goal was accomplished in 1969, only a few of the key figures associated with the decision were still in leadership positions in the government. Kennedy fell victim to an assassins bullet in 1963, and science adviser Jerome B. Wiesner returned to MIT soon afterwards. Lyndon B. Johnson, of course, succeeded Kennedy as president but left office in January 1969 just a few months before the first landing. NASA Administrator James E. Webb resolutely guided NASA through most of the 1960s, but his image was tarnished by, among other things, a 1967 Apollo accident that killed three astronauts. He retired from office in October 1968. Several other early supporters of Apollo in Congress and elsewhere died during the 1960s and never saw the program successfully completed. The first Apollo mission of public significance was the flight of Apollo 8. On 21 December 1968 it took off atop a Saturn V booster from the Kennedy Space Center. Three astronauts were aboardFrank Borman, James A. Lovell, Jr., and William A. Anders- -for a historic mission to orbit the Moon. At first that mission had been planned as a flight to test Apollo hardware in the relatively safe confines of low Earth orbit, but senior engineer George M. Low of the Manned Spacecraft Center at Houston, Texas, and Samuel C. Phillips, Apollo Program Manager at NASA headquarters, obtained approval to make it a circumlunar flight. The advantages of this could be important, they believed, both in technical and scientific knowledge gained as well as in a public demonstration of what the U. .uc786958d8f941af7e710f104a5e44777 , .uc786958d8f941af7e710f104a5e44777 .postImageUrl , .uc786958d8f941af7e710f104a5e44777 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc786958d8f941af7e710f104a5e44777 , .uc786958d8f941af7e710f104a5e44777:hover , .uc786958d8f941af7e710f104a5e44777:visited , .uc786958d8f941af7e710f104a5e44777:active { border:0!important; } .uc786958d8f941af7e710f104a5e44777 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc786958d8f941af7e710f104a5e44777 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc786958d8f941af7e710f104a5e44777:active , .uc786958d8f941af7e710f104a5e44777:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc786958d8f941af7e710f104a5e44777 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc786958d8f941af7e710f104a5e44777 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc786958d8f941af7e710f104a5e44777 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc786958d8f941af7e710f104a5e44777 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc786958d8f941af7e710f104a5e44777:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc786958d8f941af7e710f104a5e44777 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc786958d8f941af7e710f104a5e44777 .uc786958d8f941af7e710f104a5e44777-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc786958d8f941af7e710f104a5e44777:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Should we have Dropped the Atomic Bomb? EssayS. could achieve. After Apollo 8 made one and a half Earth orbits its third stage began a burn to put the spacecraft on a lunar trajectory. It orbited the Moon on 24-25 December and then fired the boosters for a return flight; it splashed down in the Pacific Ocean on 27 December. The public reaction to the Apollo 8 circumlunar mission was enthusiastic. It rekindled the excitement felt in the early 1960s during the first Mercury flights, and set the stage for the Apollo landing missions. Perhaps most important, the flight was a significant accomplishment because it came at a time when American society was in crisis over Vietnam, race relations, urban problems, and a host of other difficulties. And if only for a few moments the nation united as one to focus on this epochal event. Two Apollo Earth- orbital missions occurred before the climax of the program, but they did little more than confirm that the time had come in mid- 1969 for a lunar landing. That landing came during the flight of Apollo 11, which lifted off on 16 July 1969 and, after confirmation that the hardware was working well, began the three day trip to the Moon. Then, at 4:18 p.m. EST on 20 July 1969 the Lunar Modulewith astronauts Neil A. Armstrong and Edwin E. Aldrin aboardlanded on the surface of the Moon while Michael Collins orbited overhead in the Apollo Command Module. After checkout, Armstrong set foot on the surface, telling millions who saw and heard him on Earth that it was one small step for manone giant leap for mankind. Aldrin soon followed him out, and the two plodded around the landing site in the 1/6 lunar gravity, planted an American flag but omitted claiming the land for the U.S. as had been routinely done during European exploration of the Americas, collected soil and rock samples, and set up scientific experiments. The next day they launched back to the Apollo capsule orbiting overhead and began the return trip to Earth, splashing down in the Pacific on 24 July. The flight of Apollo 11 met with an ecstatic reaction around the globe, as everyone shared in the success of the mission. Ticker tape parades, speaking engagements, public relations events, and a world tour by the astronauts served to create good will both in the U.S. and abroad. Five more landing missions followed at approximately six month intervals through December 1972, each of them increasing the time spent on the Moon. Three of the latter Apollo missions used a lunar rover vehicle to travel in the vicinity of the landing site, but none of them equalled the excitement of Apollo 11. The scientific experiments placed on the Moon and the lunar soil samples returned through Project Apollo have provided grist for scientists investigations of the Solar System ever since. The scientific return was significant, but the Apollo program did not answer conclusively the age-old questions of lunar origins and evolution. Project Apollo in general, and the flight of Apollo 11 in particular, should be viewed as a watershed in the nations history. It was an endeavor that demonstrated both the technological and economic virtuousity of the United States and established national preeminence over rival nationsthe primary goal of the program when first envisioned by the Kennedy administration in 1961. It had been an enormous undertaking, costing $25.4 billion, aproxemently $95 billion in 1990 dollars, with only the building of the Panama Canal rivaling the Apollo programs size as the largest non-military technological endeavor ever undertaken by the United States and only the Manhattan Project to build the atomic bomb in World War II being comparable in a wartime setting. .u4bc742920d553e215d913de64c446c8c , .u4bc742920d553e215d913de64c446c8c .postImageUrl , .u4bc742920d553e215d913de64c446c8c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4bc742920d553e215d913de64c446c8c , .u4bc742920d553e215d913de64c446c8c:hover , .u4bc742920d553e215d913de64c446c8c:visited , .u4bc742920d553e215d913de64c446c8c:active { border:0!important; } .u4bc742920d553e215d913de64c446c8c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4bc742920d553e215d913de64c446c8c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4bc742920d553e215d913de64c446c8c:active , .u4bc742920d553e215d913de64c446c8c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4bc742920d553e215d913de64c446c8c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4bc742920d553e215d913de64c446c8c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4bc742920d553e215d913de64c446c8c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4bc742920d553e215d913de64c446c8c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4bc742920d553e215d913de64c446c8c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4bc742920d553e215d913de64c446c8c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4bc742920d553e215d913de64c446c8c .u4bc742920d553e215d913de64c446c8c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4bc742920d553e215d913de64c446c8c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Atomic Bomb in World War II Essay There are several important ?legacies? about Project Apollo that need to be remembered at the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Apollo 11 landing. First, and probably most important, the Apollo program was successful in accomplishing the political goals for which it had been created. Kennedy had been dealing with a Cold War crisis in 1961 brought on by several separate factorsthe Soviet orbiting of Yuri Gagarin and the disastrous Bay of Pigs invasion only two of themthat Apollo was designed to combat. At the time of the Apollo 11 landing Mission Control in Houston flashed the words of President Kennedy announcing the Apollo commitment on its big screen. Those phrases were followed with these: TASK ACCOMPLISHED, July 1969. No greater understatement could probably have been made. Any assessment of Apollo that does not recognize the accomplishment of landing an American on the Moon and safely returning before the end of the 1960s is incomplete and innaccurate, for that was the primary goal of the undertaking. Second, Project Apollo was a triumph of management in meeting enormously difficult systems engineering and technological integration requirements. James E. Webb, the NASA Administrator at the height of the program between 1961 and 1968, always contended that Apollo was much more a management exercise than anything else, and that the technological challenge, while sophisticated and impressive, was largely within grasp at the time of the 1961 decision. More difficult was ensuring that those technological skills were properly managed and used. Webbs contention was confirmed in spades by the success of Apollo. NASA leaders had to acquire and organize unprecedented